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Keystroke Level Modeling as a Cost Justification Tool
Keystroke level modeling (Card, Moran & Newell, 1983) is one of a variety of cognitive modeling techniques that have been reported in the literature over the last two decades. Cognitive modeling, simply put, involves identifying and counting all the discrete human operations - physical (e.g., mouse click, keystroke), cognitive (e.g., read or speak a syllable of text, make a mental comparison) and perceptual (e.g. locate something on screen) - that a user must execute in order to most efficiently accomplish a specific task on a specific user interface design. System response time operators are then added to the model where appropriate. Time values for each operator (available in the literature for human operators) are then plugged into a task model to predict a total task time. The total task times generated by such models predict the fastest time (on average) that highly trained and experienced users will be able to perform a given task on a given user interface with a given set of system response times, assuming they perform the task with no errors.
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